太原市大气颗粒物中重金属的污染特征及来源解析

The Elemental Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particulate in Taiyuan

为了解太原市采暖期大气颗粒物不同粒径中重金属的污染特征及其来源,于2012年10月—2013年2月对环境空气中颗粒物采样,用原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、Mn、Zn等8种元素的含量。结果表明,太原市采暖期重金属浓度从高到低依次为Fe>Pb>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd。重金属Pb、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cd主要富集在PM2.5中;Cr主要富集在PM10中;Cu主要富集在PM5中;Fe主要在粒径大于2.5μm的粗粒子中富集。除Zn外,其他7种元素浓度均表现为灰霾期>采暖期>采暖前。通过主因子分析表明,太原市大气颗粒物中重金属主要来源于冶金、有机合成工业、燃煤、汽车尾气、土壤尘等。

In order to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals of different size atmospheric particulate in Taiyuan, taking particulates samples from October 2012 to February 2013. Then determining the concentration of heavy metals Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate of Taiyuan City is Fe 〉 Pb 〉 Mn 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Cd. Heavy metals Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd mainly enriched in PM2.5, Cr enriched in PM10, Cu enriched in PM5, Fe mainly enriched in PM25-100. In addition to Zn, the concentrations of Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn are shown as haze period 〉 heating period 〉 before heating period. The main sources for heavy metals in atmospheric particulate were metallurgy, industrial process organic synthesis industry, coal combustion, vehicle emission, soil dust by principal component analysis （PCA）.