流域污染分异特征及成因分析

Analysis on the Pollution Characteristics and Causes of River Basin

目前中国地表水十大流域水质差异较大,以2013年国家监测网监测数据为例,重度污染水质断面多分布于海河、淮河和黄河中下游地区。究其原因,黄河、海河、淮河单位面积水资源量较少、水资源利用率较高、水体自净能力下降;同时长年居高不下的污染物排放累积效应严重影响水质改善;重污染行业集聚、排放强度大、城市化进程较快、第二产业比重较高等因素加剧了水资源的供需矛盾,最终影响水质改善。

There are large differences between the water quality of ten river basin, the seriously polluted section are mainly distributed in the haihe river, huaihe river and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The Yellow River, haihe river, huaihe river has less water per unit area, the higher utilization of water resources, the shortage of water self - purification ability. At the same time, the cumulative impact of pollutants for a long time seriously affects the water quality improvement, also affected by the heavy pollution agglomeration, emissions intensity, rapid urbanization process, higher proportion of secondary industry.