乌鲁木齐土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及生态风险评价

Concentration and Ecological Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Surface Soils of Urumqi Area,China

在乌鲁木齐地区不同功能区采集28个表层土壤样品,对土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征进行研究,并运用正定矩阵因子分析法对其来源进行分析,采用苯并[a]芘的毒性当量浓度（TEQBa P）对PAHs的生态风险进行评价。研究显示,土壤中∑16 PAHs含量为331～15 799μg/kg,其平均值为（5 018±4 896）μg/kg（n=28）,以3环、4环为主。∑16PAHs的浓度呈现出交通区〉工业区〉公园区〉农业区〉居民商业区的变化趋势;正定矩阵因子分析法表明,乌鲁木齐表层土壤中PAHs的主要来源及贡献分别为煤的燃烧（51.19%）,汽油车燃烧（19.02%）,柴油车燃烧（18.35%）,机动车石油的泄漏（11.42%）;53%的采样点TEQBa P值超过荷兰土壤标准目标参考值,主要集中在交通区和工业区。

The concentrations of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in 28soil samples collected from various functional areas in Urumqi were studied. The sources of PAHs in the surface soils were apportioned by Positive Matrix Factorization（ PMF）. The ecological risks of PAHs in the surface soils were evaluated by using benzo[ a] pyrene toxic equivalents （TEQ Ba P）. Results showed that the concentrations of ∑ 16 PAHs in the soils ranged from 331 -15 799 μg/kg with a mean concentration of （5 018 ±4 896） μg/kg （n =28） , and 3 to 4 ring PAHs were the dominant compounds. The concentrations of Y. 16 PAHs in the soils samples from different functional zones decreased in the order of road side areas 〉 industrial areas 〉 park areas 〉 rural areas 〉 business/residential areas. According to the method of Positive Matrix Factorization, the PAHs in surface soils of Urumqi really originated from the combustion of coal （51.19%） ,emission of gasoline（ 19.02% ） and diesel（ 18.35% ） from vehicles, and petroleum leakiness（11. 42% ）. 53% of all surface soil samples in Urumqi area were more than Dutch target values, which were located mainly in the roadside and industry area.