火电厂脱硝催化剂寿命管理现状及发展趋势

Status and development tendency of deniration catalyst life management in thermal power plant

为了延长火电厂脱硝催化剂的使用寿命,介绍了脱硝催化剂使用及寿命管理现状,结合催化剂使用全过程论述了投运前、运行中及后续维护过程中催化剂的寿命管理方法,总结了催化剂中毒原因并提出寿命管理建议。催化剂选择设计时应充分考虑催化剂厂家提供的催化剂实际运行参数,最大限度满足催化剂运行工况;催化剂运行、检修、维护过程中,要严格控制喷氨量、运行温度、吹灰系统,避免为了提高脱硝效率而增加氨逃逸,引起空气预热器堵塞等问题。堵塞、中毒、机械磨损、烧结是造成催化剂失活的主要原因,通过检测脱硝催化剂的效率、氨逃逸和SO2/SO3转化率等指标,判断催化剂是否失活,并定期进行催化剂单体的检测和脱硝系统性能测试。最后提出应加强废旧催化剂的回收处理技术,如催化剂的二次再生技术以及从废旧催化剂中提取微量元素、回收有效成分等。

In order to lengthen service life of denitration catalyst in thermal power plant,the use and life management state of deniration catalyst was introduced combining with the whole catalyst use process. The cause of catalyst poisoning was analyzed. In order to maximize catalyst effects,the choose of catalyst should take full account of actual operating parameters which were provided by manufacturer. The ammonia could clog air preheater,so the spraying value of ammonia,operating temperature,soot blower system should be controlled strict-ly. The clogging,poisoning,physical deterioration and sintering were the main reasons of catalyst deactivation. The catalyst efficiency,am-monia escape and SO2/SO3 conversion ratio could be used to check if the catalyst still had activity. There were some useful component in waste catalyst,so the waste catalyst recycling and regeneration technologies development should be strengthened.