论阿尔志跋绥夫《绝境》的狂欢性

On the Carnival Style of Mikhail Artsybashev's Extinction

阿尔志跋绥夫《绝境》在美学方面的一个重大特色是文本的狂欢性。狂欢化文学是古希腊时期即已出现的一种文学形式,经历了古罗马时期和中世纪的变迁,在拉伯雷、塞万提斯等人的作品里得到了发展,最后被陀思妥耶夫斯基创造性地加以利用,由巴赫金对之作出鲜明的阐释。或无意识地继承,或作家个性使然,《绝境》在很大程度也彰显了狂欢化手法。主要表现在几个方面:人物和作者的平等性、人物的怪诞性、亵渎性以及俱乐部的广场性。

The carnival style is a major aesthetic characteristic of Mikhail Artsybashev＇s Extinction. The Carnival literature, originated from ancient Greeks, experienced the changes of ancient Rome and medieval. It was developed in the works of Rabe- lais, Cervantes, etc, creatively improved by Dostoevsky and finally vividly interpreted by Bakhtin. Extinction, unconsciously in- herited or out of writer＇s personality, mostly highlights the carnival style which is mainly displayed in the equality of the characters and author, the character s＇ eeriness and blasphemy, and the universal of club.