摘要
Marx＇s discussion of justice is accomplished through his critique of ＂political economy.＂ The premise of his argument is the elimination of private ownership; this is determined by his theoretical mission. The basic logic of Marx＇s theory of justice is that the relations of distribution are to be interpreted not through political and legal concepts of fairness and justice, but through the relations of production, and the relations of production are to be interpreted through productive labor. Only by starting with the critique of political economy can we truly grasp the crux of the desert theory of justice and the true nature of the issue of modern justice. The concept of justice in liberalism and other contemporary Western political philosophies is a lower-order concept, whereas Marx＇s concept of justice is a higher order concept with broader implications. Starting from ＂human society or socialized humanity,＂ this higher-order concept is founded on the organic social cooperation of ＂free men＂ and depicts the highest principle of justice possible for human society, a principle that is the result of the logical and historical self-sublation of all previous principles of justice throughout human history. In the course of building up the framework of contemporary China＇s justice theory, Marxism should not only play the part of a critic but should also be responsible for providing normative theories for real life.
马克思关于正义问题的讨论通过批判"国民经济学"完成,其立论前提是消灭私有制,这由他的理论任务所规定。不是用公平、正义的政治法律概念解释分配关系,而是用生产关系来解释分配关系,用生产劳动解释生产关系,这是马克思正义理论的基本逻辑。只有从对国民经济学的批判出发,才最能切中应得正义论的要害和现代正义问题的实质。自由主义等当代西方政治哲学的正义概念是一个低阶概念,而马克思的正义概念则是一个含义更广的高阶概念。马克思的高阶正义概念是从"人类社会或社会化的人类"出发的,以"自由人"之间有机的社会合作为基础,刻画出人类社会可能具有的最高正义原则。这一原则是先前人类历史中出现过的各类正义原则在逻辑上和在历史上自我扬弃的结果。在当代中国正义理论的建构过程中,马克思主义不可能仅仅充当批判者的角色,而是担负着为现实生活提供规范的理论责任。
