摘要
个人的教育成就通常受能力和出身(家庭背景)的共同影响,而能力和出身作用的相对大小又是评判教育公平的基本依据。采用系数集束化方法,比较能力和出身两种机制对不同层级的普通本科教育机会分配的影响作用,发现能力和出身的影响同时显著存在,高等学校的层级越高,对学生的能力要求越高,出身的影响也显著增强;能力影响始终较大程度地高于出身影响。可见,当前中国高等教育机会分配中尽管存在出身的影响,但根本上仍秉持着能力评价的主导性标准,体现了绩能社会"唯才是举"的典型特征。
Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background （family background）. The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, thegreater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though fatuity background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society ＂open to talent.＂
基金
supported by the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation project"A Study of Trends in the Evolution of the Structure of Social Strata in China"(10ASH002)
the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases(Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method of Renmin University)major topic"Sociological Theory and Empirical Research on Equity in Education"(07JJD840198)
Tsinghua University Humanities and Social Sciences Revitalization Fund Research Program Later Stage project"Research on Educational Equity and Social Stratification"(2010WKHQ008)
关键词
能力
出身
普通本科
绩能主义
系数集束化
ability, family background, regular first degree colleges and universities,meritocracy, sheaf coefficients
