不同经验驾驶人危险感知差异研究

Exploring the Effects of Driving Experience on Hazard Awareness via Hazard Classification

目的危险感知能力弱是新手驾驶人发生交通事故的重要原因,为探究不同经验驾驶人的危险感知能力差异,改进新手驾驶员危险感知培训,采用场景分类法对不同经验驾驶人危险感知能力进行了对比研究。方法新手驾驶人、中等经验驾驶人及丰富经验驾驶人三类驾驶人分别观察8个交通场景图,并按照危险的类似点把场景图分为若干个组别,采用关联规则与卡方检验对分组数据进行对比分析。结果新手驾驶人将部分含有危险的场景识别为无危险,并把其与无危险的对照场景归为一类;新手驾驶人和中等经验驾驶人的分类关键词更多是在描述场景,而丰富经验驾驶人的分类关键词更多是在阐述对驾驶的影响;丰富经验驾驶人采用其它两类驾驶人几乎未使用的危险距离分类准则。结论不同经验驾驶人在感知的危险数量、观察层次和危险感认的准则上具有差异。

Objective Poor hazard perception （HP） abilities correlate with traffic crashes. In order to improve the novice drivers＇risk perception training,this study investigated the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness in hazardous traffic scenes classification. Methods Specifically, inexperienced, moderately experienced and very experi- enced drivers observed traffic scene pictures, and classified them into an arbitrary number of groups of similarly haz- ardous situations ; the chi - square test and association rules were performed to test the difference of the three sampies. Results Inexperienced drivers identified some hazardous scene pictures as non - hazardous and classified them with non - hazardous scene pictures; Classification keywords of novice drivers and moderately experienced drivers were more in describing the scene, and experienced drivers＇classification keywords more elaborate impact in driving; Experienced drivers use a classification criteria called the distance of hazard that other types of drivers almost unused. Conclusion The driver has a different experience difference in quantity of perceived hazard, observation levels and classification criteria.