公安侦查辨认实践中的问题与对策

Problems in Identification Practice of Public Security Investigation and Countermeasures

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》已将"辨认笔录"规定为法定证据种类,然而未对侦查辨认制度的构建作出具体规定,侦查辨认启动、实施及辨认笔录的审查等仅规定在"部门规章"的层次。侦查辨认在公安侦查实践中存在着许多现实的问题亟需得到法律层面的规制。许多学者在借鉴国外侦查辨认规则的基础上,提出了对我国侦查辨认规则的完善建议,在一定程度上推动了我国侦查辨认制度的发展。在借鉴前人研究的基础上,从公安侦查辨认启动、实施、公安侦查辨认权利保障三个具体操作步骤提出问题,进行原因分析,并从公安侦查辨认的组织、见证、场所、笔录的制作等微观层面提出具体的完善建议。

Although the Criminal Procedure Law of the People＇s Republic of China has legislatively stipulated ＂identification record＂ as evidence, there＇s no specific provision on the construction of investigation identification system, and the rules on how to initiate, implement investigation identification and examine identification record merely exist as ＂departmental rules＂. In the practice of public security investigation, many problems call for legislative solution. Based on the foreign experience in the rules of investigation identification, many Chinese scholars make improvement proposals, thus pushing forward the development of investigation identification rules to some extent. This article, on the basis of previous studies, raises issues regarding the procedures in initiating, implementing investigation identification as well as the procedures in protecting the investigation identification rights, then analyzes the causes of the existing problems and offers proposals from the micro-level aspects such as the organization, testimony, place and identification record making in public security organs＇ practice of investigation identification.