流动已婚育龄妇女社会支持状况及影响因素调查

Investigation on social support status and influencing factors among floating married women of childbearing age

目的：了解流动已婚育龄妇女的社会支持的情况及其影响因素。方法：采用整群抽样方法随机抽取佛山市西樵镇一个社区的流动已婚育龄妇女进行面对面问卷调查。结果：在遇到急难情况时,流动已婚育龄妇女曾得到的经济支持和精神支持中来源于配偶的支持最多,分别为76.12%和78.65%;客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度得分和社会支持总分平均分分别为（9.19±3.09）、（26.54±4.06）、（7.59±2.21）和（43.61±6.71）分;Logistic回归分析显示和谁来打工影响客观支持得分,和丈夫、亲戚/同乡/朋友来打工的OR值分别为3.487和3.187;年龄影响主观支持得分,30岁~和40~49岁年龄组的OR值分别为2.484和2.340;职业以及和谁来打工影响社会支持总分,职业为干部/职员/专业技术人员以及和丈夫来打工的OR值分别为2.162和2.541。结论：西樵镇流动已婚育龄妇女的社会支持情况较好,但其社会支持主要来源于配偶,其他途径获取支持较少,提示相关部门和家庭外的其他社会组织应拓宽流动已婚育龄妇女获得支持的途径,并加大对她们的支持力度,特别是单独来工作、职业社会保障不完善和年龄较低的流动已婚育龄妇女。

Objective： To understand the social support status and influencing factors among floating married women of childbearing age. Methods： Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the floating married women of childbearing age from a community of Xiqiao Town in Foshan to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire investigation. Results： Among the respondents, 76. 12% and 78. 65% of them obtained economic support and spiritual support from their spouse in distress; the scores of objective support, subjective support, support utilization, and the total score of social support were （9. 19 ± 3.09 ）, （26. 54 ± 4. 06 ）, （7. 59 ± 2. 21 ）, and （43.61 ± 6. 71 ）, respectively; the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that companions of working outside affected the score of objective support, OR values of working outside with husband and relatives, fellow townsmen, friends were 3.487 and 3. 187, respectively; age had impact on the score of subjective support, OR values of more than 30 years old and 40-49 years old were 2. 484 and 2. 340, respectively; oc- cupation and companions of working outside had impact on the total score of social support, OR values of cadres, office clerks, professionals and working outside with husband were 2. 162 and 2. 541, respectively. Conclusion： The social support of floating married women of childbearing age in Xiqiao Town is in a good condition. However, most of the support comes from their spouse. It suggests that the relevant departments and other social organizations should strengthen support for floating married women of childbearing age, especially those working outside alone, in a poor condition of social security, and the younger women.