丰台区256名小学生体内重金属含量与智力和神经行为的相关性分析

Analysis on the correlation between heavy metals contents and intelligence and neurobehavior of 256 elementary school students in Fengtai District

目的：了解丰台区学龄儿童体内重金属分布现状及其与儿童智力发育和神经行为的相关性。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取丰台区3所小学校的9~12岁的学龄儿童256名作为研究对象,进行瑞文智力测验和神经行为测验,检测血样和尿样中铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、汞、铊、铅含量。结果：256名儿童血铅、血硒、尿砷检出率为100%,铊检出率为0,其他金属的检出率在10.3%~71.1%之间,儿童血铬、血硒、血铅,尿硒含量与IQ呈正相关（P〈0.05）;血汞、尿汞与IQ呈负相关（P〈0.05）;儿童血砷、尿砷、尿铬、尿铅、尿硒与神经行为呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：研究区域儿童体内各种金属均有检出应引起重视;汞对儿童的智商发育有不良的影响;硒对儿童智商有保护作用;金属砷、铬、硒、铊、铅对儿童神经行为发育有不良影响。

Objective： To understand the current situation of distributions of heavy metals in elementary school students in Fengtai District and the correlation with intelligent development and neurobehavior of these students. Methods： Cluster random sampling method was used to select 256 elementary school students aged 9-12 years old from three elementary schools in Fengtai District as respondents, then Raven Intelligence Test and NCTB were performed, the contents of chromium, nickel, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, thallium, and lead in blood and urine were detected. Results： The detection rates of blood lead, blood selenium, and urine arsenic were 100%, the detection rate of thallium was 0, the detection rates of the other heavy metals ranged from 10. 3% to 71.1% ; the contents of blood chromium, blood selenium, blood lead, and urine selenium in children were positively correlated with IQ （P〈0. 05） ; the contents of blood mercury and urine mercury in children were negatively correlated with IQ （P〈0. 05 ） ; the contents of blood arsenic, urine arsenic, urine chromium, urine lead, and urine selenium in children were negatively correlated with neurobehavior （P〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion： More attention should be paid to the current situation of detection of all the heavy metals among children in the study area; mercury has adverse impact on IQ development of children; selenium has a protective effect on IQ of children; arsenic, chromium, selenium, thallium, and lead have adverse impacts on neurobehavioral development of children.