广西农村户厕及粪便无害化处理现状调查

Survey on rural household latrines and fecal innocent disposal in Guangxi

目的了解广西农村居民户厕及粪便处理现状。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,于2011—2013年7—9月,选择广西29个县580个行政村、8 394户农村居民进行户厕及粪便处理情况调查。结果广西无害化卫生厕所普及率从2011年的55.51%上升到2013年的67.21%,非卫生厕所率从2011年的32.18%下降至2013年的21.43%,无厕户则从2011年的6.75%下降至2013年的4.78%。在各种类型无害化卫生厕所中,以三格化粪池式厕所（58.43%~67.57%）和沼气池式厕所（29.14%~35.43%）为主。到2013年,69.11%的农户采用无害化卫生厕所对粪便进行处理,17.74%采用土掩埋后施肥或高温堆肥方法处理,13.15%的农户未对粪便进行任何处理。结论广西农村户厕建设增加迅速,但政府仍需加强政策和技术支持,以提高农村无害化卫生厕所普及率及粪便无害化处理水平。

Objective To understand the status of rural household latrines construction and fecal disposal in Guangxi, and provide the scientific basis for local government to improve the rural household latrines. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was applied, and 8 394 rural families from 580 villages in 29 counties were surveyed from July to September during 2011-2013. Results The popularizing rate of harmless sanitary household latrine in Guangxi increased from 55.51% in 2011 to 67.21% in 2013. Non-sanitary latrines of household ownership rate was 32.18% in 2011 ,and decreased to 21.43% in 2013. The rate of families without latrine was 6.75% in 2011 and decreased to 4.78% in 2013. In the category of harmless sanitary latrines, the three-compartment septic tank and biogas toilet were the main household latrines with the rate as much as from 58.43% to 67.57% and 29.14% to 35.43% ,respectively. Up to 2013,69.11% of rural households had the sanitary latrines and by using the harmless treatment, 17.74% of them were by soil burial or composting treatment,and 13.15% of them without any treatment. Conclusion The rural household latrine construction in Guangxi has rapidly increased, and the government policy and technical support is essential to improve rural sanitary latrines in harmless popularizing rate and fecal innocent disposal.