市场效应与欠发达地区产业集聚:新经济地理学文献梳理与案例分析

The Market Effect and Industry Agglomeration of Less Developed Areas:Literature and Case Studies of New Economic Geography

国内外学者对新经济地理学理论的适用性问题进行实证研究的同时,对市场效应与产业集聚的关系也做了许多有益的分析,他们的研究结论为解释当前中国国内发生的产业集聚提供了理论支撑。本文的分析不仅于此,而是在总结一般性结论的同时,对当前中国一些地区、特别是经济欠发达地区产业集聚的政策安排寻找新的突破口,即在地区之间以及地区内部运输条件已基本一体化以及信息技术普遍化的背景下,欠发达地区政府的产业集聚政策应着眼于拓展、激活市场效应、特别是本地市场效应。

Represented by Paul R.Krugman,the establishment of a new economic geography theory（hereinafter referred to as the NEC） and through empirical research,from the resources endowment,transportation costs,market effect and so on various aspects and the formation of industry cluster are analyzed.Among them,the cost of transportation in the NEG model is a very important variable is the key variables,to determine whether the agglomeration occurred.Transportation costs,however,as the key variables of NEG model is lack of some explanatory power about some of the regional industrial agglomeration occurring.In recent years,foreign scholars frequently put the issue of the applicability of the theory of new economic geography into practice,at the same time,made many useful analysis of market effect and industry agglomeration,their research reveals the internality of the market effect and the industrial agglomeration.Fully recognize the impact NEG has involved but not included in the key variables in the model- ＂ market effect＂ the importance of this factor.All this made the NEG theory more explanatory power to the reality.The domestic scholars research conclusions is also very clear,which includes market potential effect and the effects of market demand and technology market effect and plays an very important role in industrial agglomeration.But the study exists such deficiencies,it is using relaxed conditions of the main phenomena of industrial agglomeration to make interpretation and analysis where in the economy developed areas especially the analysis of the influence degree is rarely involved.Performance in the reality,many parts of China has not been fully attention on the impact of market effect of industrial agglomeration and the government of the relevant policy,such as increasing the regional public service level,improve the level of wages of employees and so on.In this paper,the author believes that this is the important reason,which leads to many of China＇ s current in transportation and information technology,as well as similar or better conditions of the area failed to form a policy makers expect the phenomenon of industrial cluster.Therefore,in the current China（developed region and undeveloped region）,and between the region（between less developed areas and developed areas） transportation condition has been basically integration and information technology under the background of generalization,the government policy of industrial cluster and policy tools to be adjusted,namely policy objectives focus on development,activate the effect of the local market.In order to support this judgment,this article is based on literature research,through analyzing a less developed areas（Anyi county building） of industrial agglomeration phenomenon occurrence and form,the analysis results conform to the judgment,considers the market effect,compared with developed areas of less developed areas industrial concentration has a more important influence.Through the analysis and found that（1） An area of industrial concentration is not mainly depends on the location advantage and traffic conditions,market effect has important significance.（2） Local technical talent ＂business circle＂ of market effect in China under the background of the special attention to the culture of ＂root＂ has profound impact to the industry agglomeration in the region.（3）The relatively high income level has obvious effect to promote the regional industrial agglomeration.Based on the grim research and analysis,this paper argues that in the current Chinese regions and regions within the transport conditions improved significantly,and even the domestic basic formed under the background of the integration of transportation,the influence of market effect in the role of industrial agglomeration is increasingly protruding.Therefore,the government＇ s policy goal should be to promote,activate and develop the market potential and market effect,especially in the local market potential and market information effect,the industry cluster of underdeveloped regions in China＇ s economy has more practical significance,and has a strong policy implications;（1） Complete the income distribution system,improve the level of residents＇ income（welfare）,gradually close the gap between the income level of with relatively developed areas.（2） The regional government should be on the premise of not setting up regional barriers,use fiscal,tax and other tools to enhance the region the demand of the product,and to enhance the ability of product export.（3） establish a with local characteristics in technology trading market mechanisms such as professional and technical personnel and information platform,which is ultimately affect the information technology revolution era.Industrial agglomeration is a very important factor,in order to strengthen the leading industry related technical spillover effects in the local.（4） Establishing smooth channels of opinions,listen to public opinion,pooling the public policy,public interests,the popular mood relief growing out business personnel to the identity of the ＂root＂.