40例儿童呼吸道异物临床分析

Clinical analysis of 40 cases of foreign body in children＇s airway

目的 探讨儿童呼吸道异物的临床特点及其与术前肺部并发症的相关性,为临床治疗提供指导依据.方法 选取40例呼吸道异物患几作为研究对象,根据年龄分为婴儿组、幼儿组、学前组、学龄组;根据异物位置分为甲、乙、丙组;根据异物留存时间,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组.对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点.结果 幼儿组所占比例最高,显著高于婴儿组、学前组和学龄组患儿,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;植物性异物所占比例最高,显著高于动物性异物、化学合成品异物、金属性异物所占比例（P＜0.05）;Ⅲ组患者术前的肺部并发症发生率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（P＜0.05）;丙组术前的肺部并发症发生率显著高于甲组和乙组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 儿童呼吸道异物并发症发生率与异物类型、异物位置、病程等均有相关性,患几及时就诊有助于预防并发症的发生,植物性异物是导致术前肺部并发症的主要类型,婴幼儿发病以植物性异物居多,学龄期儿童多发生化学合成异物.

Objective To investigate the correlation of foreign body in children＇ s airway clinical characteristics and preoperative pulmonary complications,and provide guidance for clinical treatment.Methods Forty cases of children with airway foreign body were selected as the research objects.According to the age,all the children were divided into infant group,little children group,pre-school group and school age group.According to the foreign body position were divided into group A,B and C.According to the foreign body retention time,divided into group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Retrospective analysised the clinical data and summarize the clinical characteristics.Results Little children group accounts for the proportion to be highest,significantly higher than that of infants group,preschool group and school-age children group,the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）.Plant bodies occupied the highest proportion,significantly higher than that of animal body,synthetic chemicals foreign body,metallic foreign body ratio （P 〈 0.05）.Pulmonary complications in group Ⅲ patients with preoperative incidence was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ （P 〈 0.05）.Group C preoperative pulmonary complication rate was significantly higher than that of group A and group B （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The rate of foreign body type,body position,course of disease was related to children＇ s respiratory tract complications.Timely treatment of children helps to prevent the complications,plant bodies is the main type of pulmonary complications before operation.Infant morbidity in plant bodies are mostly school-age children occur chemical synthesis of foreign body.