1736—1911年间山西粮价变动趋势研究——以货币为中心的考察

Research of Grain Price Trend through Currency Change in Shanxi Province from 1736 to 1911

在影响粮价的几种因素中,货币由于是价格的表现手段,其制度变革及流通量的变化等对粮价的影响更为直接。文章对山西1736—1911年间以银计量粮价的整体特征,以及考虑货币变革因素后,以钱计量价格的变化特征进行分析。由于缺乏山西市场上货币实际流量与存量的数值,所以在将以银衡量的价格转变为以钱计量的价格时,将银钱比价和货币铸造的变化纳入考量。研究发现,清代山西省以银计量的粮食价格呈现出较为稳定的态势,但是考虑到清朝后期通货紧缩,粮食价格上涨的幅度实际上要比数据中显示的大。银钱兑换的变化一定程度上减轻了单一用银计量的粮食价格的波动,政府通过制钱的铸造及贬值来调节市场上粮食价格的变动,维持以银计量的粮食价格相对的稳定。后期随着货币制度的紊乱,大钱、宝钞的发行扰乱了市场交易,对民生产生了不利的影响。

This article measured the overall characteristics of grain price measured by silver in Shanxi province from 1376 to 1911,and then took monetary change into consideration,studied the grain price measured by coin.The study found that silver measured grain price was relatively stable in Shanxi province,but taking into account the deflation in late Qing Dynasty,the rise of grain price might be shaper than the data suggested.To some extent,the exchange rate of silver and copper alleviate grain price volatility,the government tried to regulate grain price in market by casting and devaluation coins.In late Qing dynasty,the issuance of big coin and cash,together with the monetary system disorders,disrupted the market transaction;they all had a negative impact on the people's livelihood.