文化变迁中的价值观发展:概念、结构与方法

The Development of Values in Cultural Change: Concept, Structure and Methods

价值观对人的心理与行为产生重要导向作用。研究从价值观的概念、结构、方法和存在问题等方面对以往价值观研究进行了分析。价值观的概念在不同时期、不同文化背景中都存在差异,但仍可提取出具有文化普适性的本质。价值观的结构在早期存在较多的结构类型,并存在混淆和界定不清的问题,后期的价值观结构研究开始逐渐凸显文化特性。价值观的研究方法从早期哲学思辨方法、文化人类学的文献分析法、田野调查法和访谈法等,发展到较高实证水平的测量法和实验法,目前正在向神经科学的脑成像法发展。未来价值观研究可在文化层次、社会层次和个人层次上,对现有研究进行继承和突破,揭示出价值观对个体心理与行为产生积极的导向作用内在机制。

the values had an important guiding role for human’s psychology and behavior. This paper analyzed the concept structure, methods and existing problems of previous values research. The concept of values were different in different periods and cultural backgrounds, but still can be extracted with the essence. In the early, values structure existed many types, and existed confusion and unclear definition problems, values structure research began gradually highlights the cultural characteristics in later. The methods of values from the philosophical speculation method, literature analysis method, field surveys method and interviews method of Cultural Anthropology in later, development to the measurement method and experimental method, and now is racing ahead to the brain imaging method of neuroscience. Future research can be researched in the cultural level, social level and individual level, and we can reveals the internal mechanism of the values for people based on inherit and break through the existing research.