北宋初年的国家构建与文治转型——略论北宋“不言兵”政治性格的形成

The State-Building of Song Dynasty and the Political Reform

本文讨论的对象是北宋初年国家构建过程中政治性格的转变与定型。"国家构建"在这里既意指国家机构等硬件系统的建立过程,也同时包含国家向整个社会提供常态的、稳定的政治秩序内容。北宋承五代乱世之后,军事与暴力因素在国家构建初期发挥了重要的作用,而随着文人官僚政治系统的逐渐崛起与对辽军事竞争的挫折,军事与暴力因素的政治自主性和政治能力都逐渐被规范并削弱。最终,随着宋辽澶渊之盟的订立,北宋的国家构建过程最终完成,同时促成了北宋国家政治性格由"复幽蓟"向"不言兵"的重大转变。

The object of this paper is the political character＇ s changes and stereotypes of the state - building process in the early Song Dynasty. ＂State - building＂ here refers to the process of establishing national institutions and other political systems, and also includes the normal and stable political order which the country provides to the entire community. The Song Dynasty is after the chaotic Five Dynas- ties, which military and violence played an important role in the early state - building. But with the gradual rise of the scholars bureaucratic system and the setbacks in the military competition with Liao, the military and violent factors＇ political autonomy and political capacity are regulated Eventually, with the Chanyuan Treaty, Song eventually completed the state -building and weakened. process.