结核分枝杆菌耐药性检测新进展

Recent advances in laboratory detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug susceptibility testing

结核分枝杆菌（MTB）的耐药形势日趋严重,耐药结核病的及时诊断对患者的治疗结局及结核病的控制十分重要.MTB传统的培养及药敏结果回报需时2～3个月,MTB耐药性的快速准确诊断是一个急需解决的问题.本文总结了MTB耐药性检测的传统技术包括罗氏培养及快速培养,并对比分析了其优缺点.综合国内外文献阐述了显微镜观察药物敏感性测定法的研究进展及分子生物学快速诊断技术包括线性探针杂交技术、Xpert MTB/RIF检测技术、基因芯片诊断技术及滚环扩增技术对于MTB及其耐药性检测的最新动态、各种检测方法的适用范围,并对比分析了各种检测方法的优缺点,为临床医师选择快速准确的诊断工具提供最佳的选择.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB） drug-resistance is becoming increasingly serious,timely diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis is important for control of tuberculosis and treatment outcome.MTB traditional culture and drug susceptibility testing results need 2-3 months.Rapid and accurate diagnosis of MTB drug-resistance is a urgent problem to be solved.This article reviews the MTB resistance testing of conventional techniques,including Roche culture and rapid culture,comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages.Comprehensive literature describes advances in microscopic observation of drug susceptibility methodology and latest development of molecular biology techniques,including line probe assay,Xpert MTB/RIF testing technology,gene chip diagnostic technology and rolling circle amplification technology for MTB and drug resistance detection,the scope of various detection methods.And comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods provides the best choice for clinicians in the selecting effective and accurate diagnostic tool.