论历史唯物主义的物——追述吴恩裕教授《马克思的政治思想》

On the Material of Materialism: Retracing Wu Enyu's Marx's Political Thoughts

我国学者在马克思主义哲学中国化初始阶段所进行的研究和探索,既有成功经验也走过弯路。通过对吴恩裕教授在《马克思的政治思想》中所表述的马克思唯物主义观点的分析,可进一步加深我们对历史唯物主义作为马克思主义哲学所具有的根本性质和基本观点的认识:第一,社会历史性构成历史唯物主义最根本的独特视角,历史唯物主义的方法集聚于分析事物之性质及其相互关系,但它不是吴恩裕所认为的仅仅是关于社会现象的研究方法,更不是"历史"与"唯物论"的机械结合;第二,历史唯物主义的物不是实体性的物质存在,而是"实践性的关系塑形"(即现代社会生产关系),不能像吴恩裕那样简单归结到"生产方法"上;第三,历史唯物主义的物是对现代社会生产关系本身的科学抽象,只有在这个基础上才能正确理解生产力概念,历史唯物主义的物不是吴恩裕的实体性的"生产诸力"。

Chinese scholars have successful experiences, though also have taken a wrong path in history, in research and exploration of sinicization of Marxism in the initial stage. The analysis of Professor Wu Enyu's Marxist materialist view expressed in his book Marx's Political Thoughts could further deepen our understandings of historical materialism as the fundamental nature and the basic ideas of Marxist philosophy. First, the methods of historical materialism, whose most fundamentally unique perspective is social historicity, are not just the research methods about social phenomena as Wu Enyu thought and also not the combination of'history'and'materialism', but focus on the analysis of the nature of things and their relationships. Second, the material of historical materialism is not the substantial material but the'practical relationship', and it could not be attributed to'production methods'as Wu Enyu thought. Third, the material of historical materialism is not the substantive'various forces of production'as Wu Enyu thought but the scientific abstract of modern social relations of production, and only on this basis the concept of productivity could be understood correctly.