美国实用主义外交与二十国集团:危机应对与议程主导

America's Pragmatic Diplomacy and G20:Crisis Management and Agenda Domination

本文从实用主义视角解读在二十国集团的成立和发展过程中美国的政策。美国不囿于抽象原则、注重实际效果的实用主义外交使其在2008年金融危机中能够及时做出反应,并基于其国际体系构建者的身份和特权化被动为主动,将新兴市场国家吸纳入二十国集团,动员全球力量为经济复苏做出努力。此外,美国还最大程度地主导了二十国集团峰会的议程。但是,美国实用主义思想中所固有的对当前政策实效的关注也使其丧失长远视野,忽视别国的利益诉求。对于二十国集团的长期发展来说,美国外交中的实用主义构成了重大障碍。

The article examines the policy of the United States in the founding and development of the summit of the Group of Twenty(G20)from the perspective of American pragmatism.Pragmatism enables the United States to avoid conceptual or theoretical dogmatism and adopt flexible measures in its response to crises.Against the backdrop of the 2008 financial crisis,the United States brought in industrializing countries at the new summit of G20 and mobilized global resources in fighting the crisis.As the crisis alleviated,the United States came up with new issues and themes and worked to set and dominate the agenda of G20 summits.However,with regard to the long-term development of G20,America's focus on short-term policy results and indifference to others'interests constitute a big obstacle.