内蒙古大兴安岭林区不同采煤方式对植物多样性的影响

Effects of Different Mining Methods on Plant Diversity in Inner Mongolia Forest Area of Greater Khingan Range

以内蒙古大兴安岭林区内不同开采方式的煤矿为研究对象,采用样方调查法,通过对植物的种类组成、生活型、群落相似性及群落物种多样性等指标的分析,得出以下结论:1露采与井采群落内的第一优势种重要值由大到小为露采天然植被存留区>露采对照区>井采对照区>井采天然植被存留区;2露天开采对一、二年生草本的影响较大,井工开采对多年生草本的影响较大;3群落相似性:井工开采>露天开采;4露采煤矿共有植物7科14属19种,井采煤矿共有植物10科23属29种,均以菊科、禾本科为主,物种数减少比例:露天开采>井工开采,物种多样性指数变化:露天开采>井工开采。

Opencast coal mining and underground mining coal was taken as the research object in Inner Mongolia Daxinanling forest region,by sampling method,through the analysis of plant species composition,life form,community similarity and species diversity index,draw the following conclusions： 1 Opencast mining and underground mining communities within the first dominant species important value from large to small： opencast mining of natural vegetation retention area 〉 opencast mining of control area 〉 underground mining of natural vegetation retention area 〉 underground mining of control area; 2 Influence of opencast mining on one or two annual herb is larger,influence of underground mining on perennial is larger; 3 The community similarity： underground mining 〉 opencast mining; 4 Opencast mining has 7 families,14 genera and 19 species of plants,underground mining has 10 families,23 genera and 29 species of plants,are mainly Compositae,Gramineae,the species number reduction percentage opencast mining 〉 underground mining,changes in species diversity index opencast mining 〉 underground mining.