铅锌冶炼厂周边野生植物调查及铅镉携带量研究

Investigation on Wild Plants and Lead Cadmium Carrying Volume around A Lead-Zinc Smelting Plant

研究了在某铅锌冶炼厂周边2 km范围内所采集的18科34种野生植物,并分析了土壤铅、镉含量及植物地上部铅、镉的携带量,结果表明:象草、小花山桃草、益母草、鹅观草、葎草和杠柳吸收铅镉较少,富集能力较弱;紫草、抱茎小苦荬、蒲公英、白屈菜、水蓼、一年蓬、板蓝根和播娘蒿的镉富集系数均大于1;酸模和曼陀罗地上部的镉含量较大,分别达35.63和26.17 mg/kg;两者携带的铅、镉也最多,铅分别为20.27和37.40 mg,镉分别为2.12和7.16 mg。由此可知,象草、小花山桃草、益母草、鹅观草、葎草和杠柳可作为植物稳定化技术备选材料,在污染土壤植被复垦等方面的潜力巨大;酸模和曼陀罗对铅、镉的耐性强,转运能力强,经过进一步验证后在复合污染土壤提取修复技术具有应用价值。

The investigation on two-kilometer region around a lead-zinc smelting plant was conducted, 34 species of wild plants in 18 families were collected, and the contents of lead and cadmium in the soil, as well as the lead and cadmium carrying vol- ume of aboveground part of these plants were analyzed. The results showed that Penniseturn purpureum Schumach, Gaura parviflora, Leonurus sibiricus, Roegneria kamoji, Humulus japonicus and Periploca sepium Bunge absorbed less lead and cadmium, and they had relatively weak enrichment capacity. The cadmium- enriching coefficients of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Ixeridium sonchifolium （Maxim.） Shih, Taraxacum mongolicum, Chelidonium majus, Polygonum hydropiper, Erigeron annuus, Isatis tinctoria and De- scurainia sophia were all higher than 1. The cadmium content in the shoots of Rumex acetosa and Datura stramonium was all the highest, reaching 35.63 and 26.17 mg/kg, respectively. These 2 plants also carried the most lead and cadmium, their lead-carrying volume was 20.27 and 37.40 mg respectively, and cadmium-carrying volume was 2.12 and 7.16 mg respectively. So, Pennisetum purpureum, Gaura parviflora, Leonurus sibiricus , Roegneria kamofi , Humulus japonicus and Periploca sepium can be used as alterna- tive materials for phytostabilization technology, and they have huge potentials in the phytoremediation of polluted soil. Because Rumex acetosa and Datura stramonium have strong tolerance and transport capacity to lead and cadmium, these 2 plants possess a certain applied value in the remediation of complicatedly-polluted soil.