大同下华严寺辽代菩萨头冠的艺术特点

Artistic Features of Bodhisattva Crown of Liao Dynasty in Xia Hua Yan Temple in Da Tong

山西大同下华严寺薄伽教藏殿建于辽重熙七年（1038年）,自辽代中叶以来即为华严寺的藏经殿.殿内宽大的凹形佛坛上,依开间塑有三铺像,现存辽代彩塑29尊,各铺均以结跏趺坐佛为中心,左右配置弟子、菩萨像.当心间7尊,主佛为卢舍那佛,北次间9尊,主佛为毗卢遮那佛,南次间9尊,主佛为释迦牟尼佛.佛坛四角立护法四大天王像,构成一堂诸佛讲经的生动场面.

There are 29 color statues of Liao Dynasty existed in the temple of Bhagado reservoir in Xiahuayan temple in Shanxi Datong, they are the excellent works of that period. There are 18 Bodhisattva statues in this temple, their crowns own the novel style and elegant forms, they can be regarded as a sort of artworks that contain the combination between real factors and Buddhist statues of Liao Dynasty. Through the field investigations, this article indicates the depiction, discussion and comparison of Bodhisattva＇ s crowns, the author of this article summaries some types of them and manifests their diverse forms. These Bodhisattva crowns contain apparent style and multiple features, they express the elegant spirit from regular array, and indicate exquisite factors from exquisite decorations, they inherit the original modelling style of Bodhisattva crowns as well as forms of Bodhisattva crowns in the end of Tang Dynasty, and also contain the style of secular tiara in Liao Dynasty, ancient sculptors made a combination among modelling style of Bodhisattva crowns, realistic modelling style and aesthetical features of Liao Dynasty, then they created a kind of new form about Bodhisattva crowns that own unique characteristics of the era.