学习方式何以变革：标准与路径

How Learning Methods Change: Criterion and Path

转变和变革学习方式是当前教育研究和实践领域的热点话题。所谓学习方式变革,是指学习活动中的手段、措施或策略的根本性转变。学习方式变革遵循"适者生存"法则、变革具有相对性、变革周期越来越短、价值属性因人而异等规律。判断学习方式变革的标准是学习活动中的学习理念、环境、工具、媒体、材料等是否发生了根本性的变革。这些标准的变革程度决定了学习方式变革的广度和深度。学习方式变革具有路径依赖性,不同的学习方式变革依赖不同的变革路径。驱动学习方式变革的路径既有学习者自身发展变化的需求,也有新理念与新理论、新媒体与新技术、政策等外在动因,还有学习方式自我进化等自组织系统的影响。对学习者个体而言,不存在最好的学习方式,而应根据学习内容、环境、自身情况选择最适合的学习方式。学习方式变革的最终目的是促进学习者学习,提高学习绩效,推进人类知识的传播与传承。

The transformation and change of learning methods is the current hot topic in the field of educational research and practice. The change of learning methods refers to a fundamental change of means, measures and strategies in the learning activities. It follows such laws as the rule"survival of the fittest","change is relative", "the change cycle is shorter and shorter", "the property of value differs from man to man" and so on. Whether the learning concept, environment, tools, media and materials have undergone a fundamental change is the criterion to judge the change of learning methods. The extent of change of these factors determines the breadth and depth of the change of learning methods. The change of learning methods has the characteristic of path dependence, because different learning methods changes depend on different change paths. These paths to drive the change of learning method include not only the needs of learner's own development, but also the extrinsic motivations such as new ideas and new theories, new media and new technologies, and policies, as well as the influence from self-organizing systems such as the self-evolution of learning methods. For an individual learner, there is no the best way of learning, but should choose the most suitable learning method according to the leaning content, environment, and his or her own situation. The ultimate goal of the change of learning methods is to advance learning, enhance learning performance, and promote the dissemination and inheritance of human knowledge.