MOOC学习成果认证及对高等教育变革路径的影响

Certification of Learning Outcomes of MOOC and Its Influence on the Route of Higher Education Reform

MOOC是网络开放教育创新发展的产物,也是备受人们欢迎的网络学习途径。当前制约MOOC能否可持续深入发展的问题聚焦于MOOC学习成果能否得到合理的认证。MOOC学习成果认证分为非学分认证和学分认证。MOOC非学分认证包括课程证书认证、项目证书认证和学习者自我认证,由于其未触及大学教学制度的内核——学分,因而遭致不少非议;而MOOC学分认证由于受到教学测评、学习者身份识别、大学文化传统和学分管理制度等多种因素的限制,运作起来也并不顺畅。MOOC的发展使大学具有越来越鲜明的虚拟结构特性,但不会出现将教学职能全部外包的纯粹型虚拟组织。MOOC对学历教育将产生重大影响,基于MOOC开展混合式教学和创建基于MOOC平台的学分银行是MOOC影响高等学历教育的两条主要路径。前者具有较大的可行性,将会变革大学的传统教学模式,但还有许多问题需通过实践解决;后者将会变革大学的整体运作方式,使学习者享有最大程度的学习自由。

MOOC is the product of innovative development of open online education, and has become one popular way of online learning. Current constraints on the continuous and deepening development of MOOC focus on whether the learning outcomes of MOOC could be appropriately certified. There are two forms to certify the learning outcomes of MOOC, i.e., non-credit certificate and credit certificate. The non-credit certificate includes course certificate, program certificate and self-certificate. It does not touch upon credits, which is the kernel of university teaching system, thus has been receiving lots of criticisms. However, the credit certificate of MOOC is running difficultly, due to these constraining factors including the learning assessment, the identification of learners, the traditional culture of universities and the credit management system. The development of MOOC makes universities have stronger features of virtue organization, but pure virtual universities outsourcing all their teaching functions will not emerge. MOOC will have a great influence on academic higher education. Blended teaching based on MOOC and credit bank based on MOOC platform could be two important ways to influence the academic higher education. The former would change the traditional teaching mode of universities, with much more feasibility, but it still need resolve many problems through practice. The latter would change the entire operating mode of universities, and enable learners to enjoy the freedom of learning as much as possible.