论默示放弃合同解除权

The Rescission Right of Implied Waiver Contract

《中华人民共和国合同法》对于合同解除权人在相当期间内不行使权利,在相对方产生其不欲解除合同的合理信赖之后主张解除合同的情形缺乏明文规定,学界对于能否以默示的方式放弃行使合同解除权及其效力观点不一,司法实践中则存在"同案不同判"的情况。大陆法系国家法院多根据权利失效理论进行裁判,而英美法系国家法院多运用禁反言原则作出判决。为平衡当事人合法权益和稳定合同关系,建议我国立法机关区分权利放弃和权利失效,借鉴权利失效理论制定明文规定;我国法院可以通过对权利失效理论进行解释,以现行法已经明文规定的诚实信用原则为裁判依据作出判决。

According to Contract Law of People's Republic of China,if Party A of the contract enjoys the rescission right of contract and does not exercise it in quite a period,it advocates the rescission of the contract after Party B produces the reasonable trust that this party will not cancel the contract. The civil law countries' courts always judge such cases according to the invalidation of right theory,and the common law countries' courts use the principle of Estoppel to judge. China's legislature should distinguish the renunciation of right and the invalidation of right,and make the stipulation according to the invalidation of right theory. The courts of our country can use the principle of good faith as judicial basis through the legal explanation of the invalidation of right theory.