学习研究的人类学范式:美国学习人类学的研究进路探析

Anthropology Paradigm of the Studies of Human Learning:Research Approach of Anthropology of Learning in America

20世纪80年代初,美国的教育人类学家明确提出了建立学习人类学的理念,并将其确定为教育人类学研究的重要议题。在美国,学习人类学的理念发端于文化传递理论,其理念在教育人类学领域中确立后出现了研究文化习得的转向,此后在情境学习理论和学习的社会理论推动下,迈向了实践本位学习的研究,成为西方学习理论的主流话语。学习人类学的研究为教育人类学研究学习问题提供了人类学经验,拓展了当代教育学科的文化和学习观念,充实了学习科学研究的方法论。

As an important research topic of educational anthropology, anthropology of learning was established by American educational anthropologist in the early 1980s. The idea of anthropology of learning originated from cultural transmission theory. After anthropology of learning was established, it focuses on culture acquisition. Thereafter influenced by the situational learning theory and social theory of learning, anthropology of learning moved towards the research on practice-based learning, which has become the mainstream discourse of western learning theory. The research of anthropology of learning provides anthropological experience for educational anthropology, expands the ideas of current educational disciplines on culture and learning, and enriches methodology of learning sciences.