致敏性植物几丁质酶研究进展

Research progress on allergenic plant chitinases

几丁质酶(EC 3.2.1.14)是一类能够催化水解几丁质结构中β-1,4糖苷键的水解酶,广泛存在于植物、动物和微生物等多种生物中。植物几丁质酶的高水平表达能够增强植物对害虫、病原菌和环境胁迫的抵抗能力。最近的研究表明,来源于植物性食品的几丁质酶是一种重要的食品过敏原,与乳胶-水果综合症密切相关。致敏性植物几丁质酶的潜在健康危害引起了广泛的关注。本文总结了致敏性植物几丁质酶的分布、结构、分类等方面的研究进展,探讨了致敏性植物几丁质酶对食品安全的影响,以期为食品中致敏性植物几丁质酶的分离、结构鉴定、过敏原性评价和控制技术等方面的研究提供参考。

Chitinases （EC 3.2.1.14） are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyse the random cleavage of internal β- 1,4 glycosidic linkages in the chitin polymer,and they occur in a wide range of organisms including plants, animals,and microorganisms. High-level expression of chitinases could enhance the resistance of plants to pest infestation,pathogens,and other environmental challenges. Recent studies have revealed that chitinases isolated from many common plant foods were allergens involved in the latex-fruit syndrome. The potential adverse health effects of allergenic plant chitinases have attracted much attention. Advances in researches on the distributions,structures,classifications of allergenic plant chitinases and their influence on food safety were summarized in this paper to provide guidelines for the isolation,structural identification,allergenicity assessment, and control of allergenic plant chitinases in foods.