现代汉语中日语外来词词源考辨

A Textual Research on Sino-xenic Return Words of Japanese Loanwords in Modern Chinese

在以往的现代汉语中日语外来词研究中,大多将研究的重点放在了日语对现代汉语产生的影响和现代汉语吸收日语新词的社会背景等方面。本文从词源和词义变化的视角对《汉语外来词词典》收录的"接吻、金刚石、审判、天主、银行"等五个日语外来词的词源进行了考证,旨在指出"接吻"等五个日语外来词源于汉语,其词义变化也发生在汉语语境当中,所以不应看做是现代汉语中的日语外来词而应归类为"汉源回归词"。

Most of the studies about Japanese loanwords that exist in contemporary Chinese language focus on the effects of Japanese on Chinese and the social backgrounds of the assimilation of Japanese new words into Chinese. From the perspectives of etymology and semantics, this article conducts a textual research on five Japanese loanwords, for example ＂kiss＂, included in A Dictionary of Loanwords and Hybrid Words in Chinese. The word ＂kiss＂, originating from Chinese, should not be regarded as a Japanese loanword in contemporary Chinese language because the semantic change of the word occurs in Chinese context. The same is true with such words as ＂diamond＂, ＂judge＂, ＂God＂ and ＂bank＂, which are not borrowings from Japanese in contemporary Chinese language.