再论杜威在哲学上的“哥白尼式的革命”

A Second Thesis on John Dewey's Philosophical “Copernican Revolution”

当杜威将康德的以自我为中心代之以自我与所处环境相互作用为中心时,他赋予这种相互作用以极为广泛的含义。他认为除了主客、心物等的相互作用外,人的全部生命、生活、行动都包含着不同的两个方面,它们的意义就在这两个方面的相互作用之中。这种相互作用都具有实践意义。在西方哲学史上,由自我中心论到相互作用中心论的转向实际上就是由主体性形而上学到实践的转向。从杜威关于理论与实践、知识与信仰、现实与理想、科学与哲学等方面的关系的论述,可以更全面地理解他的实践的转向的意义。

When John Dewey substitutes Kantian self-centralism with a mutual centralism of self and its environment, he has given an extensive meaning to such a mutual action. He believes that the whole life and action of human beings include two different facades, in which they have their meanings in their mutual action with practical significance. In the history of western philosophy, the change of direction from self-centralism to mutual-function centralism is, in fact, a change from subjective metaphysics to praxis. The author further probes the relationship between theory and practice, between knowledge and faith, between reality and ideal, and between science and philosophy, etc., in order to attain an understanding of the significance of his change of practice.