全国统筹的国民基础养老金框架构建

Establishing the Framework of National Level Pooling of the Basic Pension

21世纪人口老龄化将对中国的社会养老保险体制产生重大冲击。为了有效应对这一冲击,需要深化中国养老保险体制改革。全国统筹的国民基础养老金的构建,需以较低的强制缴费率,不经过省级统筹而直接实现全国统筹。在基础养老金从"属地统筹"走向"全国统筹"的过渡时期内,由中央与地方政府分担责任,使原来参保职工的养老金替代率维持稳定。通过"折扣"费率,将农业劳动者、城乡个体劳动者和其他非正规就业人员纳入统一的国民基础养老金,以避免他们在城乡之间、在正规部门与非正规部门之间流动时养老金权益的损失。

China＇s population aging in 21st century will have profound impacts on its public pension system. Further reform measures should be taken on the pension system to meet this challenge. The national level basic pension system is set up on the lowering mandatory contribution rate via direct national level pooling rather than provincial level pooling. During the transition from locality pooling to national pooling, the central government and local governments should collaborate and share their responsibilities so as to make the replacement ratio of the pension remain stable. This paper also suggest covering the non-wage workers, including agricultural workers, self-employed and workers in the informal sector through the discount contribution rate and replacement ratio as well, so as to avoid their loss of pension benefits when they migrate between rural and urban areas, and between informal and formal sectors.