自由裁量权异化在中国的表现与成因

The Performance and Cause of Public Administration System Discretion Alienation in China

自由裁量权是国家公务人员在执法或执行行政命令时拥有的一项便宜行事的权力,在实践层面它也是一项易于发生异化变质的权力。自由裁量权及其异化现象,在世界各国之间既有反映其一般特征的共性,也有体现各自国情的个性。具体到中国,作为国家治理体系不可或缺的因素,自由裁量权既源于它的一般特性,也来自中国独特的改革路径。正是中国独特的"摸着石头过河"的改革路径,使如何科学行使自由裁量权问题在中国国家治理体系现代化进程中显得尤为突出。同样,自由裁量权异化现象在中国也有其特殊的表现形式和独特的成因。这些独特的表现形式和成因构成了中国政治生态的一个重要组成部分,其对中国国家治理体系产生了双重影响。一方面,它使中国国家治理体系现代化进程面临严峻的挑战;另一方面,它也为如何进一步促进国家治理体系现代化进程提供了现实的切入点。

Discretion is a discretionary power which state officials possess in enforcement of law or implementation of an executive order. In the practical level, it is also the power which is easy to be abused. On the power and it＇s alienation phenomenon, there are both generality and personality among all countries in the world. In terms of China, as an indispensable element of public administration system, discretion not only originates from it＇s general characteristics but also from China＇s unique reform path. The latter is called ＂Crossing the river by feeling the stones.＂ It is the latter that make the problem, scientifically exercising discretion, become especially prominent in the modernization process of Chinese national governance system. Similarly, discretion alienation phenomenon has also it＇s special form and unique origin except it＇s generality in China. They constitute an important part of China＇s political environment, which causes the double influence on China national governance system. On the one hand, it makes serious challenge to the modernization process of the system; On the other hand it also provides the realistic starting point on how to further promote the modernization process of the system.