高职高专院校助产学实训教学现状及对策

Present situation and countermeasures of midwifery practical teaching in higher vocational colleges

目的了解湖南省高职高专院校助产专业助产学的实训教学现状。方法采用自设问卷对湖南省6所开设助产专业的高职高专院校进行问卷调查。结果每所院校助产学实训教师2~6名,生师比29.78∶1;专业核心课程名称有高级助产学、助产学、产科学、产科学及护理等;理论与实训课时比为1.45~3.24∶1;助产学实训均开设的项目有骨盆外测量、四步触诊、分娩机制、接生、新生儿沐浴、新生儿复苏;实训教学组织形式均以先讲授、后练习为主;4所院校教学设备基本完好,基本满足教学情况;5所院校无实训课教材;3所院校无技能考试大纲、实训课程教学录像。结论湖南省高职高专院校均存在助产师资数量偏少、课程设置名称各异、重理论轻实践、实训教学形式单调、教学条件欠佳、教学资源较少等问题。应加大师资培养力度,规范课程设置名称,增加实训课时,改善实训教学条件,提高助产学实训教学质量。

Objective To investigate the current situation of midwifery practical teaching in higher vocational colleges in Hunan province. Methods Six higher vocational colleges with midwifery specialty in Hunan Province were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. Results There were 2-6 midwifery practical training teachers in every college,the student-teaching ratio was 29.78：1. Professional core courses included Advanced Midwifery, Midwifery,Obstetrics and Obstetrics Nursing. The ratio of theory and practical courses was 1.45-3.24： 1. The main practical skills in midwifery were external petvimetry,four steps palpation,mechanism of labor,delivery care,neonatal bath and neonatal resuscitation. The pattern of practical teaching was lectures first and followed by practice. Among the six colleges,four colleges possessed sufficient teaching equipments to meet the demands of practical teaching, five colleges lacked practical teaching materials,three colleges lacked skills exam outline and practical teaching videos. Conclusion The main problems in midwifery practical teaching in higher vocational colleges of Hunan province are insufficient midwifery teachers,different curriculum and course names,focus more on theory rather than practice,single practical teaching form and insufficient teaching equipments. It is suggested to enhance teachers training,standardize the curriculum,increase hours of practical training,improve practical teaching equipments,and thereby to improve the quality of midwifery practical teaching.