公民检举权的概念及权利类型探论

On Definition and Right's Type of the Right to Exposure

公民检举权概念的界定首先要从"举报"的概念中剥离出"检举"的概念,从而区分宪法意义上的检举权和一般的举报权利,其次则要对比分析检举权概念的中西差异,从而明晰公民检举权概念的独特性。公民检举权的权利类型辨析则围绕"请愿权"说与"监督权"说之间的争论而展开阐述。无论是从权利的概念、内容、位阶还是从权利的历史演变所展现的权利谱系来看,包括检举权在内的宪法第41条所涉基本权利都不宜归为请愿权的范畴。使用"公民监督权"的概念则较为准确地反映了宪法第41条六项权利的意旨,且能从制度渊源的维度来揭示我国宪法第41条六项权利的由来及设置理由。

As to the definition of the right to exposure, firstly, it＇ s essentially to distinguish the right to expo- sure from the concept of ＂whistleblowing＂, because the right to exposure is an important constitutional right. Sec- ondly, it is necessary to analyze the differences between the right to exposure in China and whistleblowers＇ right in foreign legal system, so as to clarify the uniqueness of the concept of right to exposure in China. The debate on the right＇ s type of the right to exposure is mainly the contention between ＂right of petition＂ and ＂right of supervision＂. Considering the concept, content and rank of the right, or considering the historical development of the rights, the basic rights, including the whistleblowing right, provided in Article 41 of China＇ s Constitution should not be de- fined as the right of petition. The concept of ＂right of supervision＂ reflects more accurately the historical evolution and purpose of article 41 of China＇ s Constitution, and helps disclose the reason why it set forth these six rights in China＇ s Constitution.