霍布斯、洛克、卢梭社会契约思想研究综述

A Summary of Research on Hobbes,Locke,Rousseau's Social Contract Theory

国内对霍布斯、洛克、卢梭社会契约思想的研究以学术论文为多。对霍布斯,主要从其政治哲学思想矛盾性、国家主权学说、有关自然法的观点进行研究;对洛克,主要从其自然权利说、政府论、自由思想进行研究;对卢梭,主要从其在思想史的地位与影响、公意说、人民主权论进行研究。国外对社会契约思想研究的成果则突出表现在几部经典学术著作。国内外学者在对霍布斯、洛克、卢梭三者的社会契约思想作比较研究而取得较大收获的视角或路径主要有三:一是关于自然状态中人与人之间关系理论的比较研究,二是关于社会契约思想价值目标的比较研究,三是关于人的自然权利交予范围的比较研究。

Most domestic research on Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau＇ s social contract theory were academic papers. The studies of Hobbes＇ theory were mostly on the contradiction of his thoughts of political philosophy, doctrine of a nation＇ s sovereignty and natural law; the studies of Locke＇ s were mostly on his theory of natural rights, the government and idea of liberty ; the studies of Rousseau＇ s were mostly on his effection on ideolog- ical history, idea of ＂general will＂ and popular sovereignty. Foreign scholars＇ achievements were particularly presented in several academic classics. Domestic and foreign scholars＇ comparative studies on the social con- tract theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau has three major passes ： on the theory of people in Natural State, the value target of social contract and the scope of people＇ s rights.