从“浮士德式”到“法尔式”(仿制文化)的出现——中国城市设计面临的挑战

From Faust to Faux:Concomitant Challenges for Urban Design in China

经济的发展和城市化规模的扩大向中国城市设计提出挑战。国家政策及全球资本的诉求驱动中国经济发展,但这种"浮土德式"发展缺少真实性且无可持续性,只是一种仿制,直接导致城市设计脱离实际,仅为"仿制景观"。这种仿制在西方国家同样存在,甚至新兴经济体国家也有这种倾向。而房地产开发迫于建设的压力,使这种趋势难以逆转。因此通过考量文化的延续性、建筑设计的宜居性和中国城市发展的可持续性,参照其他发展中国家的设计案例,以期为中国城市设计师提出合理的城市设计目标。

This paper considers the challenges of contemporary urban design in China in the context of rapid economic growth and explosive urbanization. The extraordinary impetus of growth is fueled by the deliberate state policy and the imperatives of local and global capital. The fast pace of the development, which can be seen as ＂Faustian＂ in scope, creates an urban outcome that is neither authentic nor sustainable. The absence of authenticity and livability is reflected in what one critic describes as the ＂original copies＂ or the rise of simulacrum and simulacrascape in China. In a way, it is inevitable because of the pressure of real estate development fueled by project basis. The paper urges Chinese urban designers to develop an urban design manifesto based on consideration of cultural continuity, livability, and sustainability that will guide the future development of Chinese cities, and also set an example for other developing economies.