俄罗斯的城市化演进及发展趋势

New Characteristics of Russia's Urbanization during the Transitional Period

在向市场经济转轨过程中,俄罗斯的城市化进程在遵循世界发展普遍规律的同时有着自身发展的独特性。回顾了转型时期俄罗斯城市发展跌宕起伏的发展历程,总结了俄罗斯城市发展具有大城市较少、结构单一的市镇较多、城市化进程中的"伪城市化"现象、城市规模等级体系发育不够完善和城市群发展不成熟、城市空间分布不均衡、城市化地区差异明显等主要特征,最后就俄罗斯的"逆城市化"现象以及未来发展趋势提出了自己的看法。

In the process of Russia’s transforming to the market economy, Russia’s urbanization has followed the general law of urbanization, but at the same time showed some distinctive characteristics of its own. When reviewing the history of Russia’s Urbanization we found at present its most important features are：1）more smal medium cities, less large cities;2）most cities are single functional;3）pseudourbanization,that is, urbanization without the complete transfer of employment;4）lack of some layers of urban scale system and immature of urban agglomeration;5）the cities spatial distribution is unbalanced. In the end of article ,Russia’s counter urbanization and trend are discussed.