黑龙江苹果亚科5属14种植物导管分子形态结构研究

Morphological Structure of Vessel Elements in 14 Species of Maloideae (Rosaceae) from Heilongjiang,China

利用扫描电子显微镜对黑龙江苹果亚科5属14种植物导管分子的管腔微形态结构特征进行了比较研究。结果显示:(1)该亚科植物导管分子的管腔长度、宽度及端壁斜度角有较大的差别。(2)孔纹导管在该亚科植物种中均存在,网纹导管和螺纹导管仅见于苹果属和花楸属中。(3)导管分子管壁除苹果属及山楂属中的毛山楂、辽宁山楂外均有螺纹加厚。(4)纹孔的排列方式为互列式、对列式及互列、对列同时存在。(5)在所观察的植物中花楸、山荆子、无毛山楂导管端壁具单穿孔板和梯状穿孔板,其余种的导管端壁仅具单穿孔板。(6)导管纹孔膜残留现象普遍存在。研究表明,导管分子管腔的微形态结构特征,可为该亚科植物的系统演化提供形态学依据;导管分子微形态结构特征与其所处的环境存在一定的适应性。

The morphological structure of the inner wall of the vessel elements in 14 species of Maloideae （Rosaceae） from Heilongjiang Province was studied by means of scanning electronic microscope （SEM）. The result showed that：（1）The length, the width and the slope of vessel elements are various in different species; （2）All studied species have pitted vessel type,while reticulated and spiral vessel only appear in the Malus and Sorbus; （3）Helical thickening of the inner wall of the vessel elements occurs in most species except in Malus and in Crataegus rnaximowiczii and C. sanguinea;（4）The arrangement of pits is alternate, opposite or both in one element; （5）Simple and scalariform perforations were found on the end wall of the vessel elements in Sorbus pohuashanensis, Malus baccata and Crataegus pinnati fida var. psilosa, while other species only with simple perforations on the end wall of the vessel elements; （6）The remnants of pit membrane are common in all species. These results indicated that the morphological structure of the inner wall of the vessel elements is systematic significance for Malodieae,and the micro structure of the vessel elements is also adapted to their environment.