面向震灾调查和基础数据支撑的县级尺度下村镇民居空间化研究--以黑龙江省为例

Spatial Rural Dwelling Buildings Distribution at the County Level Scale in Earthquake Investigation and the Foundation Data Supporting——A Case Study of Heilongjiang Province

为了能够快速有效地掌握地震现场调查工作中村镇民居的空间分布情况,并建立村镇县级尺度的不同结构类型民居的基础数据库,本文以黑龙江省为例,对县级尺度下的村镇民居的空间化展开了相关的研究。第一,基于已有的统计资料,分析并提取对村镇民居数量空间分布有影响的因素。第二,利用双变量相关分析方法,以相关系数为评价指标,研究了所提取的影响民居分布的因素,即地区总建筑面积、地区生产总值、购(建)房费用对村镇民居分布的影响程度;第三,基于村镇民居基础数据和相关统计资料,构建了多元线性回归模型,给出了黑龙江省砖砌体房屋和土坯房屋的空间分布规律,经验证本文给出的模型有较高的精度,并且利用GIS技术得到了黑龙江省村镇民居县级尺度的空间分布。本文所得到的村镇民居空间分布,在以下两个方面都起着重要的作用:首先,当有重大地震发生时,可以高效准确地给出灾区村镇民居的数量空间分布,为地震现场调查工作提供基础数据的支持;其次,在未来的村镇民居规划与易损性分析过程中,可提供相应的技术支持和数据支持。

In order to control the spatial distribution of rural dwelling buildings quickly and effectively by the earthquake site investigations, and establish database at the county level scale, we take Heilongjiang province as an example, to study spatial rural dwelling houses distribution at the county scales. Firstly, based on the existing statistical data, we analyze and extract the factors which has impact on spatial rural dwelling houses distribution. Secondly, we use bivariate correlation analysis method and correlation coefficient as evaluation index, to study the region a total construction area, GDP and builds housing costs affecting spatial rural dwelling houses distribution. Thirdly, based on the rural residence base data and related statistical data, we build multivariate linear regression model, the distribution law of brick masonry buildings and adobe houses in Heilongjiang province. The spatial rural dwellings buildings distribution at the county level scale in Heilongjiang province was obtained by using GIS technology. When a major earthquake occurs, our results are efficient to give spatial distribution of the disaster area, the number of rural dwellings for the earthquake scene investigation work provide basic data support. Moreover, our results provide the corresponding technical support for planning and vulnerability analysis in the future.