无机纳米抗菌材料抗菌性能在口腔正畸中的作用

Antibacterial properties of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontics

背景:口腔正畸患者口内通常存在各种活动和固定矫治器,容易发生牙周炎。无机抗菌剂因具有安全性高、耐热性好、作用时间长、不易产生耐药性、抗菌谱广等优点,成为研究的热点。目的:综述无机纳米抗菌材料在口腔正畸中的应用及研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索Pub Med数据和CNKI数据库2001年1月至2014年12月之间,有关无机纳米抗菌材料在口腔正畸治疗相关领域应用的文献,英文检索词为"Orthodontic,antibacterial agent",中文检索词为"正畸,抗菌"。结果与结论:无机纳米抗菌材料对口腔常见细菌均具有较好的抗菌性能,是一种比较理想的生物抗菌材料。通过对无机纳米抗菌材料的改性,可以使托槽釉质粘接剂、活动矫治器树脂材料、托槽等在发挥矫治作用的同时具有抑菌作用,降低龋坏等并发症的发生。但纳米抗菌材料在口腔正畸学中的应用研究尚处于起步阶段,改性后的材料颜色问题、物理化学性能、生物安全性等都需要进一步研究。

BACKGROUND：There are usualy removable appliances and fixed appliances in the mouth of orthodontic patients, resulting in periodontitis. Because of its high security, good heat resistance, long action time, not easy to produce resistance and wide antimicrobial spectrum, inorganic antibacterial agents have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE：To review the application and research progress of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment. METHODS：A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles about applications of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment published from January 2001 to December 2014 using the keywords of “orthodontic, antibacterial agent” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Inorganic nano-antibacterial materials for oral bacteria have good antibacterial properties, and are a kind of ideal biological material. Bracket enamel adhesive, removable appliance resin material and bracket can play correct and antibacterial roles by modification of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials, so as to reduce complications such as dental caries. However, the application of nano-antibacterial materials is stil in its infancy, the modified materials need to be studied further in terms of color problems, physical and chemical properties and biological security.