中国人群MN血型中M、N等位基因多态性的研究

Polymorphism of M,N Allele in MN Blood Group of Chinese Population

目的：检测血型糖蛋白GPA相关基因GYPA中全部外显子与部分内含子碱基序列,探讨中国人群MN血型中M、N等位基因的多态性.方法：随机选取国籍为中国人的无偿献血者225人份的血液样本,以血型血清学方法鉴定M、N血型表现型;自行设计引物,直接测序相关样本GYPA基因的exon-1～7全长碱基序列以及intron-1～7中部分碱基序列,根据序列中碱基的变异分析M、N基因的多态性.结果：M、N血型的基因定型与血清学检测结果一致;根据intron-1中-9位,exon-2中1、22、34、35、56位,intron-2中23位,intron-3中55位,intron-4中63位,intron-5中1373、1374、1375位,intron-6中55、189、190位和exon-7中712位等的变异,可以把M、N基因细分为M101、M102、M103、M201、M202、N101、N102、N103、N104、N201;同时,本研究发现在GYPA基因的intron-2中42、54位突变与59、60位间插入碱基T的变异;intron-3中-28、-29、-65、-102位等基因位点存在新的变异.结论：MN血型中M、N基因具有多态性,中国人群GPA相关基因GYPA的各外显子、部分内含子的结构特点揭示了中国人群的M、N血型基因的多态性,为临床输血、人类群体遗传学及分子生物学的研究提供相关的基础.

Objective： To detect the base sequences of all exons and part of introns in the GYPA gene of the glycophorin GPA and to investigate the polymorphism of M, N alleles in Chinese population. Methods： A total of 225 blood sample were randomly collected from unrelated Chinese volunteers and were detected by serology techniques. The primers were designed by self, the seguencing of GYPA gene related with sample exon 1 - 7 full length sequences of bases and intron- 1 - 7 partial sequence was performed, the polymorphism of M, N gene mutation in mucleotide sequence was analysed. Results ：The results of M and N genotyping were in agreement with the results of serological detection. The 23ra base of intron-2, the 55th base of intron-3, the 63rd base of intron-4, the 55th, 189th and 190th base of intron-6, the 712th base variation of exon-7 in the gene M and N were used to subdivide the gene M and N into the mutant M103, M201, M202, N101, N102, N103, N104, and N201. At the same time, it was found that 42d and 54th base were mutated, the base T was inserted between 59th and 60th base in the intron-2, the new mutations occurred in the alleles 28, 29, 65 and 102 in intron-3 in this study. Conclusion： The polymorphism of the the Chinese population＇s GYPA gene occurs in all the exons and partly in the introns. The gene polymorphism of M and N blood group in Chinese population might provide the theoretical basis for the studies of clinical blood transfusion, human population genetics and molecular biology.