补充小麦肽对预防散打运动员发生过度训练的作用

Preventive Effect of Wheat Peptides Supplementation on the Occurrence of Overtraining in Sanda Athletes

目的:研究小麦肽预防散打运动员发生过度训练的干预效果。方法:将扬州大学33名高水平散打运动员随机分为对照组、小麦肽低剂量组(3g)、中剂量组(6g)和高剂量组(9g),于每次大负荷散打训练后分别补充安慰剂和低、中和高剂量小麦肽,实验前后分别测定各组体重、握力、腿部肌力、反应时以及血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)含量。结果:(1)6周大负荷散打专项训练后,对照组体重、握力均显著下降,反应时显著延长,血清CK活性显著上升,T含量显著降低,C含量虽有升高,但无统计学意义。(2)在大负荷散打训练后补充不同剂量的小麦肽在一定程度上能减轻体重的降低和血清CK活性的升高;与训练前相比,小麦肽低剂量组除了腿部肌力显著增加和血清C显著降低外,其它指标均无显著性变化;中剂量组握力、腿部肌力和血清T含量显著增加,反应时和血清C含量显著降低;高剂量组除握力和腿部肌力显著增加外,其它指标均无显著性变化。从训练前后各指标的变化量来看,与对照组相比,低剂量组握力、腿部肌力显著增加,血清C含量显著降低,血清CK活性增加的幅度显著减小;中剂量组的体重、握力、腿部肌力、血清T含量均显著增加,反应时、血清CK活性、C含量均显著降低;高剂量组除握力、腿部肌力显著增加、反应时显著降低外,其它指标均无显著性差异。结论:6周的大负荷运动训练使散打运动员产生过度训练,而在大负荷散打训练时补充不同剂量的小麦肽均可有效减轻肌肉损伤,加速运动性疲劳的恢复,对防止过度训练的发生具有一定作用,其中以补充中剂量(6g)小麦肽的效果最好。

Objective To explore the interventional effect of wheat peptides supplementation on preventing the occurrence of overtraining in Sanda athletes. Methods 33 high ranking university Sanda athletes were randomly divided into control group（placebo）,low dose wheat peptide supplementation group（3 g）,middle dose wheat peptide supplementation group（6 g）and high dose wheat peptide supplementation group（9 g）. The placebo and wheat peptide were supplemented respectively after intensive Sanda training,and body weight,grip strength,leg muscle strength,reaction time,serum creatine kinase（CK）activity, testosterone（T）content and cortisol（C）content were measured before and after the experiment. Results（1）After 6-week intensive Sanda training,body weight and grip strength decreased,reaction time prolonged,serum CK activity increased,and serum C content increased significantly in control group.（2）Weight reduced and serum CK activity increased lightly in all wheat peptide supplementation groups.（3）Compared with before training,the leg muscle strength increased and serum C content decreased significantly in low dose wheat peptide supplementation group. The grip and leg muscle strength,and serum T content increased,reaction time and serum C content decreased significantly in middle dose wheat peptide supplementation group,while only grip and leg muscle strength increased in high dose wheat peptide supplementation group.Conclusion The supplementation of wheat peptides,especially the middle dose of wheat peptide after intensive Sanda training could effectively lighten the muscle injury and accelerate the recovery process of fatigue,and thus prevent the occurrence of overtraining to a certain degree.