论通谋虚伪结婚的法律效力

On the Legal Effect of the Colluded Mendacious Wedding

俗称的假结婚、虚假结婚在法律概念上宜认定为是通谋的虚伪结婚,它是指男女双方缔结婚姻时约定不建立婚姻共同生活的情形,特点是意思与表示不一致,属于意思表示存在瑕疵的情形。对其法律效力,各国大致存在着无效与可撤销两种立法例,是否援用民法关于通谋虚伪行为的一般规定也存在不同。此外,有的国家法律还允许虚假结婚行为的效力在法定情形下从无效、可撤销转为有效。对通谋的虚伪结婚,不能简单地援用民法总则的一般规则一律将其效力归为无效,而应当在原则上将其规定为可撤销,特殊情况下为有效。法律不能完全漠视已存在的婚姻事实和已经形成的家庭关系,在已经存在夫妻共同生活或者双方生育有子女的情形下,法律应当认可通谋的虚伪结婚有效,不允许撤销或无效。至于第三人利益的保护问题,笔者主张原则上采用表示主义,以意思主义作为补充。此外,对于通谋虚伪结婚在其他法域的效力,也需要注意保持不同法域之间在逻辑上的一致。

The proper legal term for what is commonly known as false marriage is the colluded mendacious wedding, which means that a man and a woman get married with agreement of not living a marital life In the situation of oneg intention disagreeing with his words, it is one kind of defection of declaration. legal validity, there are two types of legislation generally in different countries： void and voidable. It er. On its is also different on whether to apply the general provisions of Civil law about pretended legal act. In addition, it is al- lowed to change the legal effect of mendacious wedding from void or voidable to valid in some countries when certain legal circumstances are satisfied. The colluded mendacious wedding should not be void simply accord- ing to the general provisions of Civil law, instead cial circumstances. The law should not disregard couple actually has lived , it should be voidable as an principle and valid under spethe fact that marriage and family has been existed. When a er or has given birth to children, the colluded mendacious wedding should be provided as valid ,which cant be revoked or void. In regard to the protection of the third party＇ s interests, it is the author＇ s contention that declaration theory should be applied in principle and will theory as supplementa- ry. In addition, we should pay attention to keep it logically consistent with different legal fields the on the legal effect of the colluded mendacious wedding.