破解社会合作难题:强互惠真的够强吗?——基于公共品实验研究

A Solution to the Difficulty in Social Cooperation:Is Strong Reciprocity Really Strong Enough?Based on Public Goods Experiments

大量的公共品实验显示,即使无外在权威干预,强互惠行为也能够维系公共品自愿供给合作,这为理解"人类社会合作何以可能"之谜开启了一扇窗。然而,破解社会合作难题,强互惠行为真的够强吗?近年来,学术界就此不断提出诸多质疑,例如社会偏好是否稳定可靠、私人惩罚能否足够有效、利他惩罚是否存在现实证据等,都对强互惠理论形成巨大的挑战。文章围绕公共品实验研究,回顾了学术界对这些质疑的积极探索,总结了强互惠理论研究的新进展,并对强互惠理论及其价值进行了评述。

Many public goods experiments prove that voluntary contribution cooperation concerning public goods could be sustained without public intervention because of strong rec- iprocity behavior,opening a window for understanding the puzzle about the possibility of so- cial cooperation.However,is strong reciprocity really strong enough to resolve the difficulty in social cooperation？ In recent years, there are many new questions in academia, including whether social preference is stable, whether private punishment is effective enough, whether there is evidence of altruistic punishment in reality, greatly challenging strong reciprocity.Fo- cusing on public goods experiments, this paper reviews the literature regarding these ques- tions, summarizes new research development of strong reciprocity theory,and also comments on strong reciprocity theory and its valuation.