社区高血压患者健康素养与基本公共卫生服务利用的相关性研究

Correlation Between Health Literacy and Utilization of Basic Public Health Services Among Hyperpietics in Communities

目的探讨社区高血压患者健康素养与基本公共卫生服务利用之间的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样法,于2013年4—5月在德胜社区抽取844例高血压患者进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口社会学特征、健康素养、自我管理行为、基本公共卫生服务利用情况。将健康素养得分>6分的患者归为基本健康素养组,将健康素养得分≤6分的患者归为低健康素养组。健康素养与基本公共卫生服务利用的关系采用Pearson相关分析。结果低健康素养组患者570例(占67.5%),基本健康素养组274例(占32.5%)。基本健康素养组患者在建立健康档案、利用社区健康教育、免费体检、免费流感疫苗接种、接受生活方式指导、免费血压监测上均高于低健康素养组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在自己监测血压、控制盐摄入上亦高于低健康素养组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示:健康素养与建立健康档案(r=0.073,P=0.038)、利用社区健康教育(r=0.722,P=0.012)、免费体检(r=0.199,P=0.000)、免费流感疫苗接种(r=0.102,P=0.015)、接受生活方式指导(r=0.252,P=0.000)、免费血压监测(r=0.081,P=0.022)均呈正相关;与自己监测血压(r=0.242,P=0.000)、控制盐摄入(r=0.111,P=0.001)亦呈正相关。结论社区高血压患者的健康素养与基本公共卫生服务利用及自我管理行为间均存在正相关关系,建议更多开展旨在提高患者健康素养水平的活动,加强对患者进行有针对性的个体化指导和自我管理技能培训,加强对基本公共卫生服务项目的宣传力度;在制定卫生服务相关政策时,要考虑到患者的需求及利益,吸引患者主动参与利用服务,进而帮助患者达到改善整体健康状况。

Objective To explore the relationship between health literacy and the utilization of basic public health services among hyperpietics in communities. Methods By using the cluster random sampling method,844 hyperpietics in Beijing Desheng Community were enrolled and completed the questionnaire survey from April to May in 2013. The questionnaire content included demographic characteristics, health literacy, self - management behaviors and the utilization of basic public health services. The subjects with health literacy score ﹥6 were classified as the basic health literacy group and the subjects with health literacy score ≤6 were classified as the inadequate health literacy group. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between health literacy and the utilization of basic public health services. Results Among all the subjects,570 （67. 5%）had inadequate health literacy and 274（32. 5%）had basic health literacy. The basic health literacy group was better （P﹤0. 05）than the inadequate health literacy group in the performance concerning health record establishment,community health education,free physical examination,free influenza vaccination,lifestyle guidance and free blood pressure monitoring;the basic health literacy group was also better（P﹤0. 05）than the inadequate health literacy group in the performance concerning blood pressure self -monitoring and the control of salt intake. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that health literacy was positively correlated with the establishment of health records（r=0. 073,P=0. 038）,health education（r=0. 722, P=0.012）,free physical examination（r =0.199,P =0.000）,free influenza vaccinations（r =0.102,P =0.015）, lifestyle guidance（r=0. 252,P=0. 000）and free blood pressure monitoring（r=0. 081,P=0. 022）;health literacy was also positively correlated with blood pressure self monitoring（r=0. 242,P=0. 000）and the control of salt intake（r=0. 111,P=0. 001）. Conclusion Health literacy is positively correlated with the utilization of basic public health services and self -management behaviors among hyperpietics in communities. We suggest more activities should be carried out to improve the health literacy of hyperpietics,personalized guidance and self -management training should be promoted,and the publicity of basic public health services should be enhanced. When formulating public health service policies,needs and benefits of hyperpietics should be taken into consideration to attract their active participation and utilization of services and help them to improve overall health condition.