从王心一归园田居看晚明江南宅园理水的变迁

Changes of Water Feature Design of Jiangnan Garden in the Late Ming Dynasty—From the Perspective of Wang Xinyi's Garden

明代晚期,中国社会在政治、经济、文化等方面发生了重大变革,这些变革带来了江南园林在审美思想和造园手法上的深刻变化。以建于明崇祯年间的归园田居为例,结合历史文献和图片资料,从水的源流、类型、布局、空间形态、与其他造园要素的配合等角度全面考察其理水特征,并将这一时期的园林与前后相邻时期具有代表性的江南园林作对比,在此基础上分析晚明江南宅园理水的变迁,并试图探讨这些变迁的成因和相关的时代思潮。

In the late Ming Dynasty, significant transformations occurred in Chinese society in political, economic, cultural and other fields, and these transformations brought profound changes in aesthetic thoughts and practices of private gardens in Southern Yangtze River. This paper, taking Wang Xinyi’s garden as an example, combining with historical documents, studies water feature design from form, trend, layout, and combination with other elements, then compares gardens in this period with gardens in early Ming Dynasty and late Qing Dynasty, finally concludes changes of water feature design of Jiangnan garden in the late Ming Dynasty, and tries to probes the origin of the phenomenon.