乐府相关概念辨析

An Analysis of Several Yuefu-poems-related Concepts

文章辨析了乐府与歌诗、歌行、词曲、民歌、音乐文学几个概念的关系,指出:乐府成为诗名以后,作为朝廷音乐机构表演曲目含义依然保留下来,宋代以前凡称乐府者,一定与朝廷音乐机构有关;歌诗泛指一切有音乐舞蹈表演的诗歌,只有作为朝廷音乐机构表演曲目的歌诗才能称之为乐府;歌行出自乐府但又不等同于乐府,带有音乐性质,但又偏重体裁而言,具有乐府体裁的特点,但又七言非乐府长歌;区分乐府和词主要看句式如何,若是齐言,属于乐府诗,若是长短句,属于曲子词;有些乐府来自民歌,但乐府作为宫廷乐章,不宜再称作民歌,只有少数杂歌谣辞例外;乐府虽与音乐有关,却与音乐文学不相等同,具有音乐形态的乐府属于音乐文学,已经失去音乐形态的拟古乐府和准备获得音乐形态的新题乐府不能视为音乐文学。

This article analyzes several Yuefu-poems-related concepts including song poems, Xing poems, Ci, folk song and music literature. It shows that the original meaning of Yuefu as the court music repertoire was preserved even after it became an appellation of poetry; and that before the Song dynasty, Yuefu invariably referred to court music institutions. Song poems refers to all poems related to music and dance performances, counting as Yuefu only when they are part of the court music repertoire ; the Xing poems are but a special type of Yuefu poems that lay particular emphasis on genre. What sets Yuefu poems and Ci apart are sentence patterns, those with neat sentence patterns being Yuefu poems while those with messy ones belonging to Ci. Though Yuefu poems originally came from folk songs, these then became court music and should not be called folk songs any longer. Yuefu poems are related to music, but they are not the same as music literature.