张江高科技园区快速工业化对区域景观格局的影响

Changes of Landscape Patterns in the Course of Rapid Industrialisation of Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park

为探索快速工业化进程对土地利用方式及景观格局产生的影响,运用地理信息系统（GIS）技术,对上海市张江高科技园区1989年和2013年2个时期的遥感影像数据进行解译判读,定量分析24 a来研究区域土地利用的结构变化,并结合景观分析软件Fragstats3.3,对其景观格局指数进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）张江高科技园区在工业化进程中,各种土地利用/覆盖类型的变化及其相互转化程度非常剧烈,89.3%的农业用地萎缩,其中转变为工业用地和居住用地为主导变化类型。（2）斑块数量和最大斑块指数减少,边界密度降低,区域破碎化程度减弱,优势斑块对景观格局控制作用减小;多样性与均匀度指数上升,景观格局趋于均质稳定化;蔓延度降低,斑块聚合度上升,各景观斑块团聚式分布趋势明显,连通性增强。结论：快速工业化对区域景观格局产生重大影响,园区生态格局需要进一步优化,加强生态风险调控。

To explore the effects of industrialisation process on the land use mode and landscape patterns, an interpretation of remote sensing images of Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park of Shanghai in 1989 and 2013 was conducted by using GIS technology. The structural changes in land use in the past 24 years were quantitatively analysed combining with a statistical analysis on its landscape indices by software Fragstats 3.3for landscape analysis. It has shown that： （1） in the entire period, the changes in land use/covering type and the mutual transformation were dramatic in the course of industrialisation with 89.3% of agricultural land shrunk in which the transforming to industrial and residential uses was dominated; （2） the landscape in Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park was characterised by decreased patch numbers and maximum patch index, declined edge density and mitigated fragmentation degrees. The control action of dominated patches over the landscape patterns was diminished. The landscape diversity and evenness indices were increased, and the landscape patterns tended to homogenise and stabilise. The contagion degree of the landscape was reduced, the aggregation among patches was gradually increased, and the connectivity was enhanced. It was concluded that the rapid industrialisation have had a significant impact on regional landscape patterns, whilst the ecological patterns of Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park should be further optimised to strengthen the regulation of ecological risks.