美国肉牛产业规模化生产及其启示

Development of beef cattle scale production and suggestions to China

美国是世界主要的牛肉出口国,牛肉产业是美国畜牧业最大的产业。美国肉牛养殖以家庭养殖为主,但养殖场总体数量持续下降。肉牛养殖以中小规模为主,生产类型分为商品犊牛生产体系、青年架子牛生产体系和育肥体系3种,其中育肥体系呈现优势区域布局和高度规模化的特点,产业垂直整合,推动了产业经济的发展和牛肉品质的提高。美国政府从环境保护、冻肉收储、出口促销、保险和信贷等方面支持肉牛产业发展,对推动中国肉牛产业发展具有借鉴意义。

USA is one of the world's leading exporters of beef,and the beef industry is the largest industry of animal husbandry in America.The production system of beef cattle is family farming,in which the small and medium scale farms accounts for most of the cattle inventory and the total beef cattle farms have been decreased.There were 3 beef production systems,cow-calf,undergrounding and fattening system,which is highly regionally distributed and vertically integrated,to promote the development of the industrial economy and the improvement of the beef quality.The government support the development of beef cattle scale production from the aspects of environmental protection,commodity procurement,export promotion,insurance and loan,which could be as reference for promoting the cattle industry development in China.