社会企业的崛起:社会企业正在如何改变全世界的公司法

The Rise of the Social Enterprise： How Social Enterprises are Changing Company Law Worldwide

随着社会企业的日益增长，其已对全世界的公司法产生了深远的影响。社会企业正面临两大挑战，一方面是对资金的需求，另一方面是平衡社会使命与投资者的利益。许多国家的立法者正在创制特殊的企业法人以满足双重目的社会企业对法人实体的需求。全球的趋势是通过界定董事与股东的权利和义务，为公司法提供一种解决双重目的相关问题的方式。此外，足够灵活的“新公司法律产品”提供了一套事先商定的为社会企业家开展业务而特别设计的能够降低公司成本的规则。社会企业的特殊法人实体允许企业家将企业法人当做市场工具和竞争优势来完成其社会使命。因此，新法律实体为企业家建立其社会企业提供了开放的选择权。

This paper explains the increasing popularity of social entrepreneur-ship and analyzes its company law consequences. Social enterprises are confronting two key challenges. First is the need for funding. Second, social enterprises must balance the interests of investors with the social mission. Legislators in many coun- tries are creating specific legal entities to cater to the need for legal entities in which the dual purpose of social enterprises is regulated. A worldwide trend is for company law to provide a means of addressing problems relating to the dual pur- pose by defining the rights and obligations of directors and shareholders. Further- more, a sufficiently flexible ＇ new company - law product＇ offering a pre - negotia- ted set of rules tailored for social enterprises can reduce incorporation costs for en- trepreneurs structuring their businesses. A special legal entity for social enterprises also enables entrepreneurs to carry out their mission by giving them their own legal tive ty and advan allowing them to use their legal entity as a marketing tool and a competi- tage. Accordingly, new legal entities improve the options open to entre- preneurs structuring their social businesses